Meaning of the word "Computer",
Computer is derived from a Latin word “computer” which means to “ to calculate ” , “to count”, “to sum up” or “to think together”. So , more precisely the word computer means a " device that performs computation".
Definitions of Computer :-
A Computer is programmed device with a set of instructions to perform specific tasks and generate results at a very high speed.
OR
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information , or data . It has the ability to store , retrieve , and process data .
OR
Computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
Principles characteristic of computer:
It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well defined manner.
• It can execute a pre - recorded list of instructions.
• It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
History:
The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613 , referring to a person who carried out calculations , or computations , and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century.
The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage.
He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today are based on.
ENIAC 1946
Stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ,In world war 2 , the ENIAC was created to help with the war effort against German forces.
The ENIAC was the first electronic computer used for general purposes , such as solving numerical problems . It was invented by J.Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at
the University of Pennsylvania in an effort to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory.
The ENIAC occupied about 1,800 square feet , used 17,468 vaccum tubes , 15,000 relays , used a teletype , weighed almost 50 tons , uses 200 kilowatts of electricity , and cost about $500,000.
SAGE, 1954
The SAGE name stood for "Semi-Automatic Ground
Environment." It was a continental air-defense network commissioned by the U.S. military , designed to coordinate radar stations and direct airplanes to intercept incoming planes . SAGE consisted of 23 direction
centers (concrete-hardened bunkers across the United States and one in
Canada), each with a SAGE computer that could track as many as 400 airplanes.
The SAGE system was designed to detect atomic bomb carrying Soviet bombers and guide American missiles to intercept and destroy them.
The total weight of the SAGE was over 250 tons . It contains 60000 vacuum tubes, 1750000 diodes and 13000 transistors.
NEAC 2203,
1960
Nippon Electric Company (NEC), Japan
Nippon Electric Company (NEC), Japan
Completed in 1960 , the drum based NEAC 2203 was one of the earliest Japanese transistorized computers , and was used for business , scientific and engineering applications . The system included a CPU , console , paper tape reader and punch , printer and magnetic tape units. It was sold exclusively in Japan , but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. The last one was
decommissioned in 1979.
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IBM System/360, 1964
Part of a family of interchangeable computers , the IBM System/360 mainframe was the first to cover a complete range of applications , from small to large , from commercial to scientific . Users were able to enlarge or shrink their setup without having to make headache inducing software upgrades as well . Higher end System/360 models had roles in NASA's Apollo missions as well as air traffic control systems.
CDC 6600,
1964
For a time the fastest machine in the world , Control Data Corporation's 6600 machine was designed by noted computer architect Seymour Cray. It retained its speed crown until 1969 , when Cray designed his next supercomputer.
For a time the fastest machine in the world , Control Data Corporation's 6600 machine was designed by noted computer architect Seymour Cray. It retained its speed crown until 1969 , when Cray designed his next supercomputer.
The 6600 had 400,000 transistors and more than 100 miles of wiring . In addition to a blazingly fast floating point processor , it had 10 “peripheral processors” that did housekeeping and input / output tasks at the same time.
DEC PDP-8,
1965
The first successful commercial minicomputer , the PDP8 , made by the Digital Equipment Corporation , sold more than 50,000 units upon its release, the most of any computer up to that time . Years before Apple and Gnu/Linux offered alternatives to the dominant IBM / Microsoft paradigms , DEC proposed its own vision , by encouraging users to educate themselves and take part in the evolution of the line.
The first successful commercial minicomputer , the PDP8 , made by the Digital Equipment Corporation , sold more than 50,000 units upon its release, the most of any computer up to that time . Years before Apple and Gnu/Linux offered alternatives to the dominant IBM / Microsoft paradigms , DEC proposed its own vision , by encouraging users to educate themselves and take part in the evolution of the line.
interface
Message Processor, 1969
Conceived at the height of the Cold War , when the U.S. government sought a way to keep its network of computers alive in case certain nodes were destroyed in a nuclear attack or other hostile act , the IMP featured the first generation of gateways , which are today known as routers . As such, IMP performed a critical task in the development of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the contemporary global Internet.
Conceived at the height of the Cold War , when the U.S. government sought a way to keep its network of computers alive in case certain nodes were destroyed in a nuclear attack or other hostile act , the IMP featured the first generation of gateways , which are today known as routers . As such, IMP performed a critical task in the development of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the contemporary global Internet.
Kenbak-1,
1971
often considered the world's first " personal computer " the Kenbak was touted as an easy-to-use educational tool , but it failed to sell more than several dozen units. Lacking a microprocessor , it had only 256 bytes of computing power and its only output was a series of blinking lights.
often considered the world's first " personal computer " the Kenbak was touted as an easy-to-use educational tool , but it failed to sell more than several dozen units. Lacking a microprocessor , it had only 256 bytes of computing power and its only output was a series of blinking lights.
Cray-1,
1976
At the time of its release , the Cray-1 , above , was the fastest computing machine at the world . Despite its price tag between $5 and $10 million it sold well . It is one of the many machines designed by Seymour Cray , a computer architect who devoted his life to the creation of so called supercomputers , machines which prioritized processing capacity and speed of calculation.
At the time of its release , the Cray-1 , above , was the fastest computing machine at the world . Despite its price tag between $5 and $10 million it sold well . It is one of the many machines designed by Seymour Cray , a computer architect who devoted his life to the creation of so called supercomputers , machines which prioritized processing capacity and speed of calculation.
IBM
Personal Computer, 1981
Featuring an independent keyboard , printer and monitor , the slick , complete looking package that was the IBM PC helped push personal computing out of the hobbyist's garage and into the corporate and consumer mainstream . Its immense commercial success made it the hallmark of personal computing for many years and led other manufacturers to produce similar desktop models.
Featuring an independent keyboard , printer and monitor , the slick , complete looking package that was the IBM PC helped push personal computing out of the hobbyist's garage and into the corporate and consumer mainstream . Its immense commercial success made it the hallmark of personal computing for many years and led other manufacturers to produce similar desktop models.
Osborne
1 Portable Computer, 1981
The first commercial portable computer , the Osborne weighed 24 lbs . and cost less than $2,000 . It gained popularity because of its low price and the extensive software library that came with it.
The first commercial portable computer , the Osborne weighed 24 lbs . and cost less than $2,000 . It gained popularity because of its low price and the extensive software library that came with it.
Hewlett-Packard
150, 1983
Representing the first step in a technology widely available today , the HP 150 was the first commercially available computer with touch screen technology . The 9-inch computer screen was surrounded by infrared transmitters and receivers that detected the position of the user's finger.
Representing the first step in a technology widely available today , the HP 150 was the first commercially available computer with touch screen technology . The 9-inch computer screen was surrounded by infrared transmitters and receivers that detected the position of the user's finger.
2 Comments
That's really nice information for beginners I remember learning all the history about computer when I was in school :)
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