Cost of quality:
Quality costs are the costs associated with preventing , detecting , and remediation product issues related to quality. Instead , quality involves creating and delivering a product that meets the expectations of a customer.
Cost of Quality phases in which defect identification is complex:
⦁ Internal Failure Costs
⦁ External Failure Costs
Internal Failure Costs:
It is caused by services or products not meeting the requirements of the consumers or users and is found before the time of the release of services and products to the external customers .They would probably have dissatisfied the customer because of the dearth that is caused in cooperation by erroneousness products and inaccuracy in processes .These include the cost for:
- Rework
- Stoppage
- Re-designing
- Shortages
- Failure analysis
- Re-testing
- Reduction
- Downtime
External Failure Costs:
When customers are dissatisfied due to deficiency found at post delivery period of products can incur external failure costs .
Examples for these costs include:
- Grievances
- Patching up goods and redo services
- Warranties
- Customer's bad will
- Sales reductions causes heavy loss
- Costs of environment.
Why identification of defects in internal and external costs is complex ?
At these both stages defect identification of defect will cost us more .Because in internal failure cost the identification of defect requires full revision of our product or software before deployment .Therefor it is very difficult to find defects at that time because product has been approved by project manager and other quality ensurance authorities.
Advantage of Early Defect Detection.
Data to support the need for early fixes of software defects is supplied by several reports. The National Institute of Standard Technology (NIST) published a study in 2002 noting that the cost of fixing one bug found in the production stage of software is fifteen(15) hours compared to five hours of effort if the same bug were found in the coding stage.
The Systems Sciences Institute at IBM has reported that the cost to fix an error found after product release was four to five times as much as one uncovered during design , and up to 100 times more than one identified in the maintenance phase (Figure a).
Figure a: Relative Costs to Fix Software Defects (Source: IBM Systems Sciences Institute)
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